SDG 9 - Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Investments in infrastructure – transport, irrigation, energy and information and communication technology – are crucial to achieving sustainable development and empowering communities in many countries. It has long been recognized that growth in productivity and incomes, and improvements in health and education outcomes require investment in infrastructure
Manufacturing is an important driver of economic development and employment. At the current time, however, manufacturing value added per capita is only US$100 in the least developed countries compared to over US$4,500 in Europe and Northern America. Another important factor to consider is the emission of Carbon Dioxide during manufacturing processes. Emissions have decreased over the past decade in many countries but the pace of decline has not been even around the world.
Technological progress is the foundation of efforts to achieve environmental objectives, such as increased resource and energy-efficiency. Without technology and innovation, industrialization will not happen, and without industrialization, development will not happen. There needs to be more investments in high-tech products that dominate the manufacturing productions to increase efficiency and a focus on mobile cellular services that increase connections between people.
Facts and Figures
- Basic infrastructure like roads, information and communication technologies, sanitation, electrical power and water remains scarce in many developing countries
- 16% of the global population does not have access to mobile broadband networks.
- For many African countries, particularly the lower-income countries, the existent constraints regarding infrastructure affect firm productivity by around 40 per cent.
- The global share of manufacturing value added in GDP increased from 15.2% in 2005 to 16.3% in 2017, driven by the fast growth of manufacturing in Asia.
- Industrialization’s job multiplication effect has a positive impact on society. Every job in manufacturing creates 2.2 jobs in other sectors.
- Small and medium-sized enterprises that engage in industrial processing and manufacturing are the most critical for the early stages of industrialization and are typically the largest job creators. They make up over 90 per cent of business worldwide and account for between 50-60 per cent of employment.
- Least developed countries have immense potential for industrialization in food and beverages (agro-industry), and textiles and garments, with good prospects for sustained employment generation and higher productivity
- Middle-income countries can benefit from entering the basic and fabricated metals industries, which offer a range of products facing rapidly growing international demand
- In developing countries, barely 30 per cent of agricultural production undergoes industrial processing. In high-income countries, 98 per cent is processed. This suggests that there are great opportunities for developing countries in agribusiness.
Space-based technolgoies for SDG 9
Developing countries often lack the infrastructure and funding needed to access space, missing out on research, innovation and other benefits. Space can support the development of innovation and technologies to solve problems here on Earth. UNOOSA’s Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI) helps developing countries access space and space-related opportunities for research and development. Read more here.
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Article
基于天基雷达的热带气旋监测和预报
Translated by Dr. Mengyi Jin
夏季来临时,热带气旋常在沿海地区引发洪涝灾害。早在古代,中国沿海的渔民就通过观察天气现象来预测热带气旋的来临,例如云层的形状和晚霞的变化。热带气旋发生在全球各地,不同地区对它的称呼也有所不同。在北大西洋、中北太平洋和东北太平洋地区,人们通常称之为“飓风”;而在西北太平洋地区,热带气旋常被称为“台风”。
近年来,热带气旋对美国、中国以及其他亚洲国家造成了重大损失。因此,发展基于太空的热带气旋监测技术,预测其路径并进行预警,对于保障民众的生命安全、保护渔业生产以及海上作业等具有重要意义。
双频降水雷达(Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar,简称 DPR)是由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)与日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)联合开发的天基雷达系统,其搭载于热带降雨测量任务(TRMM)和全球降水观测计划(GPM)的卫星上(https://gpm.nasa.gov/missions/GPM/DPR),用于热带气旋的监测与科学研究(NASA,2018)。