Latin America and the Caribbean

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Using space-based technologies to predict mosquito-borne disease outbreaks

Mosquitos are often cited as one of the deadliest animals in the world, causing up to one million deaths per year (WHO, 2020; CDC, 2021). They can carry and transmit a variety of diseases, including malaria, West Nile virus, dengue fever, and Zika virus; transmitting illness across the globe (Figure 1). To help decrease the burden of disease resulting from mosquitos, researchers are utilising satellite data and remote sensing models to better predict where mosquito breeding grounds may occur in the future.

Rivers in the sky: atmospheric rivers, climate change and the role of space technologies

Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) are long, narrow corridors of moisture. They are an atmospheric phenomenon that transport massive amounts of water vapor across the globe. While they replenish water supplies and sustain ecosystems, ARs also pose significant flood risks, especially as climate change intensifies their impact. Recent studies indicate ARs are becoming more powerful, with increasing moisture transport and precipitation. Space technologies such as radio occultation (GNSS RO), passive microwave imager (e.g. SSMI/S), optical imagers (e.g. MODIS) and geostationary sensors (e.g. GOES) detect Ars, track their evolution and feed global forecast models. This article additionally outlines operational efforts such as Atmospheric River Reconnaissance and Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations, where satellite-supported forecasts have been used to adjust reservoir releases and improve water storage without increasing flood risk. With a warming climate expected to increase the moisture carried by ARs, communities from coastal cities to mountain catchments have strong reasons to car. Better satellite data turns an invisible driver of both drought relief and flooding into actionable information for smarter water management.

天空中的河流:大气河流、气候变化与空间技术的作用

大气河流是狭长的水汽输送带,这种大气现象能在全球范围内输送大量水蒸气。尽管大气河流能补充水源和维持生态系统,但也带来重大洪涝风险。随着气候变化加剧其影响,这种风险尤为显著。最新研究表明,随着水汽输送和降水量的增加,大气河流正在持续增强。 全球导航卫星系统无线电掩星技术(GNSS RO)、特殊传感器微波成像仪/探测仪(SSMI/S)、中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)及地球静止环境业务卫星(GOES)等空间技术,可实现对大气河流的探测、演变追踪,并为全球预报模型提供数据支撑。本文还概述了"大气河流侦察计划"及"预报指导型水库调度"等业务实践:通过卫星辅助的预报技术,水库得以在保障防洪安全的前提下优化泄流方案、提升蓄水能力。鉴于气候变暖将加剧大气河流的水汽输送,从沿海城市到山地流域的社区都迫切需要采取行动。更精准的卫星数据正将这种既缓解干旱又引发洪灾的隐形水文驱动因子转化为可操作信息,为智慧水资源管理提供支撑。

Remote sensing in managing, maintaining, and understanding coral reef ecosystems

Coral reefs provide integral services to social, economic, and ecological systems. They support more than 500 million livelihoods worldwide and account for 15% of gross domestic product in more than 20 countries. A quarter of all marine species on planet Earth, representing 28 of the 35 animal phyla, can be found in coral reefs, and novel compounds derived from these organisms provide numerous useful medicinal applications.

Remote sensing in managing, maintaining, and understanding coral reef ecosystems

Coral reefs provide integral services to social, economic, and ecological systems. They support more than 500 million livelihoods worldwide and account for 15% of gross domestic product in more than 20 countries. A quarter of all marine species on planet Earth, representing 28 of the 35 animal phyla, can be found in coral reefs, and novel compounds derived from these organisms provide numerous useful medicinal applications.

Interview with Valdilene Silva Siqueira

Valdilene Siqueira has a diverse background in chemistry and environmental engineering and is currently pursing a master’s degree in Sustainable Territorial Development. Her work and experience has always been closely tied to water management and sanitation. She believes that access to water and ensuring the sustainable management of water resources in a fast-paced changing world are two of the most important challenges for the coming years. Valdilene feels that achieving mutual understanding on how to manage this resource, especially in water-scarce regions, is a real challenge for decision-makers but considers that an intersectoral, integrated and participatory approach is capable of bringing stakeholders together to reconcile their different interests and build collective solutions. 

Building a Caribbean Wide Satellite Oil Spill Monitoring Program

In recent years, the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR) has faced challenges from oil spills. Despite these known risks, the WCR lacks an operational oil spill surveillance service. Oil spills, as in the case of the 2019 Brazilian incident, are often detected only after the oil has reached environmentally sensitive coastal areas, with surveillance requests sent piecemeal to government agencies in the United States and Europe. 

Interview with Valdilene Silva Siqueira

Valdilene Siqueira has a diverse background in chemistry and environmental engineering and is currently pursing a master’s degree in Sustainable Territorial Development. Her work and experience has always been closely tied to water management and sanitation. She believes that access to water and ensuring the sustainable management of water resources in a fast-paced changing world are two of the most important challenges for the coming years. Valdilene feels that achieving mutual understanding on how to manage this resource, especially in water-scarce regions, is a real challenge for decision-makers but considers that an intersectoral, integrated and participatory approach is capable of bringing stakeholders together to reconcile their different interests and build collective solutions. 

Event

Project / Mission / Initiative / Community Portal

Stakeholder

UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology

The UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) is a world-leading independent research institute focused on delivering integrated environmental science to address some of the most pressing challenges facing society and the planet. With over 50 years of expertise, UKCEH operates at the interface of ecology, hydrology, atmospheric science, and data science, providing evidence and tools to support sustainable environmental management.

Rural Water Supply Network

The Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) is the global network for rural water supply professionals, with 11,000 members in more than 150 countries. RWSN is a strategic global platform for knowledge sharing and collaboration in the water sector with a central focus on the achievement of universal access to safe, affordable water supplies.

Grupo de Radar de Apertura Sintética of Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Haedo

The National Technological University – Haedo Regional Faculty (Castilian: Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Haedo (UTN-FRH)) is an affiliate of the National Technological University, the leading institution of its type in Argentina. Located in Haedo, a western suburb of Buenos Aires, it was established in 1967 and offers academic degrees in the following subjects: Aeronautical engineering, Electronic engineering, Industrial engineering, Mechanical engineering, Railway engineering.

GEO AquaWatch

AquaWatch is an Initiative within the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) that aims to develop and build the global capacity and utility of Earth Observation-derived water quality data, products and information to support water resources management and decision making.

Goal

The goal of the AquaWatch Initiative is to develop and build the global capacity and utility of Earth Observation-derived water quality data, products and information to support effective monitoring, management and decision making.

Objectives

The objectives to achieve this goal are:

National Institute for Space Research

Strategic objectives

  1. Expand and consolidate skills in science, technology and innovation in the areas of space and the terrestrial environment to respond to national challenges.
  2. Develop, on a global scale, scientific and technological leadership in the areas of space and the terrestrial environment, emphasizing Brazilian specificities.
  3. Expand and consolidate skills in weather and climate forecasting and global environmental changes.
  4. Consolidate INPE's performance as a unique institution in the development of satellites and space technologies.

University of Surrey

The University of Surrey is a leading research and higher education institution in the United Kingdom, known for its strengths in space technology and water research, among other fields.

The United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS)

The United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS) is a research and training institute of the United Nations University. UNU is a global network of institutes and programs engaged in research and capacity development to support the universal goals of the UN. It brings together leading scholars from around the world with a view to generate strong and innovative knowledge on how to tackle pressing global problems. UNU-CRIS focuses on the study of processes of global cooperation and regional integration and their implications.

IHE Delft Institute for Water Education

IHE Delft Institute for Water Education is the largest international graduate water education facility in the world and is based in Delft, the Netherlands. Since 1957 the Institute has provided water education and training to 23.000 professionals from over 190 countries, the vast majority from Africa, Asia and Latin America. Also, numerous research and institutional strengthening projects are carried out in partnership to strengthen capacity in the water sector worldwide.

UN Environment

The United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment. Our mission is to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.

UK Space Agency - International Partnership Programme

The UK Space Agency’s International Partnership Programme (IPP) is an award-winning >£150 million space for sustainable development initiative which utilises the UK space sector’s capabilities in satellite technology and data services to deliver measurable and sustainable economic, societal and/or environmental benefits in partnership with developing countries.

International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre

IGRAC is a research centre that provides groundwater data and information to enhance knowledge and wisdom, support decision making, and promote a world where groundwater is managed sustainably and equitably. Through monitoring and assessment, based on in-situ data and information, we focus our research on groundwater quantity, groundwater quality and transboundary aquifers. IGRAC contributes to capacity development, advocacy and awareness-raising, through knowledge exchange at multiple levels.

University of Stirling

The University of Stirling was founded by Royal Charter in 1967 as the first genuinely new university in Scotland for over 400 years and embraces its role as an innovative, intellectual and cultural institution. A research-led university with an international reputation for high-quality research directly relevant to society’s needs, Stirling aims to be at the forefront of research and learning that helps to improve lives. The University works closely with its stakeholders in policy, practice and industry to facilitate this and enhance the relevance and impact of its research.

mWater

mWater is a woman-owned small business with a non-profit arm for projects with international organizations and foundations, and a for-profit arm for US Government and private sector clients. Our staff includes senior experts with advanced degrees in environmental engineering, public health, and technology, allowing mWater to create innovative, data-driven management approaches for our partners and all users of the free mWater technology platform.

Person

Freddy Soria

Head of research center Water, Energy and Sustainability Research Center, Catholic University of Bolivia

Civil and environmental engineering, committed with education and capacity building to bridge gaps between practice and science. Hydrological modelling, environment, climate change impacts in the Andes, WASH (water-sanitation-hygiene), remote sensing and GIS applications to water resources evaluation. Taking my initial steps on climate communication, environment and health, perhaps the most critical issue in the region. There is so much to do in Latin America!

Photo of Maria Molina

María José Molina-Montero

Geographer at FAB-LAB Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture

María José Molina Montero is a geographer. She holds a master's degree in Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing obtained in 2019, she has amassed almost 10 years of experience in the utilization and management of satellite imagery for developing a range of geospatial applications. She has served as a consultant in the public and private sectors, and for cooperation bodies such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), focusing on risk management, climate change, water resources, and agriculture.

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Jumpei Takami

Associate Expert in Remote Sensing United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

Proficient in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems with Machine Learning approach: Analysis of disaster risk reduction and management associated with climate change using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies and implementation of disaster-oriented projects; landslide, flooding, drought, and land subsidence, optionally with machine learning approaches; forest inventory for canopy height and above ground biomass, and planning, design, construction, and maintenance of civil engineering construction projects.

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Ailin Sol Ortone Lois

Director Grupo de Radar de Apertura Sintética of Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Haedo

Ailin Ortone holds the Director position within the Synthetic Aperture Radar research group, a role she adeptly manages alongside her responsibilities as a teacher at Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Haedo. Her expertise extends to her role as a researcher at the Remote Sensing Centre of the Argentine National Air Force, where she actively contributes to advancing knowledge in the field. Additionally, she shares her wealth of knowledge and experience as a teacher at Universidad Nacional de Luján, nurturing the next generation of professionals in the field.

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Bastian van den Bout

Assistant Professor University of Twente - Faculty ITC

Bastian van den Bout is a researcher at Twente University, and the founder of FastHazard, the spinoff company developing the FastFlood.org model. He has a passion to develop tools that allow for state-of-the-art flood technologies and models to be used easily in vulnerable communities. FastFlood.org and FastSlide.org are two recent models that link automatically with global datasets and allow for groundbreaking simulation speeds. His work has involved large-scale research projects, national-scale hazard mapping and education and supervision for students.

Photo of Ioana Popescu

Ioana Popescu

Associate Professor of Hydroinformatics IHE Delft Institute for Water Education

Ioana Popescu is currently Associate Professor of Hydroinformatics at IHE Delft Institute for Water Education in Delft, The Netherlands. Her research focuses on computational methods, aspects of flood modeling and vulnerability related to floods, lake and reservoir modeling and water supply systems modeling and optimisation. She is particularly interested in integrating mathematical models into decision support systems. Data is key in model development, hence she explores all sources of data, from EO to in situ data and is for the FAIR data sharing.

Photo of Ioana Popescu

Ioana Popescu

Associate Professor of Hydroinformatics IHE Delft Institute for Water Education

Ioana Popescu is currently Associate Professor of Hydroinformatics at IHE Delft Institute for Water Education in Delft, The Netherlands. Her research focuses on computational methods, aspects of flood modeling and vulnerability related to floods, lake and reservoir modeling and water supply systems modeling and optimisation. She is particularly interested in integrating mathematical models into decision support systems. Data is key in model development, hence she explores all sources of data, from EO to in situ data and is for the FAIR data sharing.

Photo of Felix Isundwa Kasiti

Felix Kasiti

PhD Researcher University of Stirling

Felix is a PhD researcher at the University of Stirling, Stirling, UK, researching on the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in mapping floods. He recently worked as a hydrologist with SERVIR Eastern and Southern Africa project at the Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development, Nairobi, Kenya from 2019 to 2022. 
 
In 2018, he obtained his M.Sc. degree on Water Science (Policy) from the Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (PAUWES). Attained his B.Sc.

Software/Tool/(Web-)App

FastFlood

FastFlood.org tool is an innovative flood simulation tool developed and maintained by Dr. Bastian van den Bout. FastFlood enables fast and efficient flood scenario calculations. Originally developed in 2021, the model has undergone continuous improvements and now offers over 97% accuracy, while being up to 1500 times faster than traditional flood modelling methods. This speed makes it an ideal solution for quick risk assessments and initial analyses. The model is available as a web-based application and free to use.

FastFlood

FastFlood.org tool is an innovative flood simulation tool developed and maintained by Dr. Bastian van den Bout. FastFlood enables fast and efficient flood scenario calculations. Originally developed in 2021, the model has undergone continuous improvements and now offers over 97% accuracy, while being up to 1500 times faster than traditional flood modelling methods. This speed makes it an ideal solution for quick risk assessments and initial analyses. The model is available as a web-based application and free to use.

FastFlood

FastFlood.org tool is an innovative flood simulation tool developed and maintained by Dr. Bastian van den Bout. FastFlood enables fast and efficient flood scenario calculations. Originally developed in 2021, the model has undergone continuous improvements and now offers over 97% accuracy, while being up to 1500 times faster than traditional flood modelling methods. This speed makes it an ideal solution for quick risk assessments and initial analyses. The model is available as a web-based application and free to use.