Water-related ecosystems

Water-related ecosystems include “wetlands, swamps, bogs, peat, paddies, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater aquifers, estuaries, mangroves, and even the marine environment. Thus, the following definition is developed for this entry: ‘a water-related ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and the non-living environment dominated by the presence of flowing (lotic) or still (lentic) water, interacting as a functional unit.’” (Dickens and McCartney, 2021)

Sources

Dickens, Chris, and Matthew McCartney. 2021. “Water-Related Ecosystems.” Online. In Clean Water and Sanitation. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70061-8_100-1.

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