11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries

Introduction

With the rapid advancement of urbanization, urban water environments are facing unprecedented challenges (Chen et al. 2015). The continuous expansion of impervious surfaces has disrupted the natural water cycle, resulting in rapid stormwater runoff, increased frequency of urban flooding, and reduced groundwater recharge. At the same time, worsening water pollution and the intensifying urban heat island effect further highlight the limitations of traditional urban planning and design in adapting to hydrological systems.

Translated by Dr. Mengyi Jin

引言

随着城市化的快速推进，城市水环境正面临前所未有的挑战 (Chen et al. 2015)。城市地表不透水面的持续扩张削弱了自然雨水循环，导致降雨径流迅速汇集，增加了内涝发生的频率，也降低了雨水对地下水的补给能力。同时，水体污染以及城市热岛效应的加剧，进一步暴露出传统城市规划对水文系统适应性的不足。在气候变化背景下，极端降雨、干旱等事件的发生频率和强度不断上升，这些现象正严峻考验着城市对水资源的调蓄、排涝、净化和生态恢复等能力。

在这个背景下，水敏感城市设计（Water Sensitive Urban Design, WSUD）作为一种新型城市发展模式被广泛关注。与“低影响开发”（Low Impact Development, LID）理念相似， 水敏感城市设计强调模拟自然水循环过程，并提升城市应对水资源相关挑战的韧性。其核心目标在于将水资源视为城市系统中不可或缺的组成部分，通过系统性地管理水的收集、输送、处理与储存过程，实现其生态功能与社会功能的有机融合（Wong 2006）。