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基于天基雷达的热带气旋监测和预报
Translated by Dr. Mengyi Jin
夏季来临时,热带气旋常在沿海地区引发洪涝灾害。早在古代,中国沿海的渔民就通过观察天气现象来预测热带气旋的来临,例如云层的形状和晚霞的变化。热带气旋发生在全球各地,不同地区对它的称呼也有所不同。在北大西洋、中北太平洋和东北太平洋地区,人们通常称之为“飓风”;而在西北太平洋地区,热带气旋常被称为“台风”。
近年来,热带气旋对美国、中国以及其他亚洲国家造成了重大损失。因此,发展基于太空的热带气旋监测技术,预测其路径并进行预警,对于保障民众的生命安全、保护渔业生产以及海上作业等具有重要意义。
双频降水雷达(Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar,简称 DPR)是由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)与日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)联合开发的天基雷达系统,其搭载于热带降雨测量任务(TRMM)和全球降水观测计划(GPM)的卫星上(https://gpm.nasa.gov/missions/GPM/DPR),用于热带气旋的监测与科学研究(NASA,2018)。
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Person
Jumpei Takami
Associate Expert in Remote Sensing United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
Proficient in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems with Machine Learning approach: Analysis of disaster risk reduction and management associated with climate change using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies and implementation of disaster-oriented projects; landslide, flooding, drought, and land subsidence, optionally with machine learning approaches; forest inventory for canopy height and above ground biomass, and planning, design, construction, and maintenance of civil engineering construction projects.
Mina Konaka
Satellite Mechanical Engineer Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Mina currently works as a satellite mechanical engineer for JAXA’s ALOS-4 satellite, which utilizes the most cutting-edge Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna and Automatic Identification System (AIS) antenna for monitoring natural disasters.