Climate change monitoring

“Scientists, volunteer observers, and automated instruments from around the world measure climate variables at Earth's surface and above.” (NOAA Education, 2025)

Initiatives like the Climate Change Service from the European Union Copernicus programme “benefits from a sustained network of in situ and satellite-based observations and from re-analyses of climate data and modelling scenarios. Through the Climate Change Service it will be possible to access climate indicators – temperature increase, sea level rise, ice sheet melting, ocean warming – and climate indices – based on records of temperature, precipitation, and drought events – that describe both the identified climate drivers and the expected climate impacts.” (Mohr and Dowell, 2013)