Cryosphere

The part of the earth's surface characterized by the presence of frozen water (Merriam-Webster, n.d.)

Sources

Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, s.v. “cryosphere,” accessed June 10, 2021, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cryosphere.

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Transforming polar science: space technologies in assessing Antarctica’s cryosphere

Antarctica, Earth’s southernmost continent, contains the largest reservoir of freshwater on the planet, holding approximately 68.7 per cent of global freshwater in the form of ice sheets and glaciers (NSIDC 2025; Rignot et al. 2019). Together with Greenland, these ice sheets store over 99 per cent of the world’s freshwater ice, with the Antarctic Ice Sheet alone covering nearly 14 million square kilometres and containing about 30 million cubic kilometres of ice (NSIDC 2025). This massive ice reserve plays a crucial role in global sea levels and climate systems (IPCC 2021).

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H2O Geomatics Inc.

H2O Geomatics is a research spin-off from the University of Waterloo. The company uses state-of-the-art remote sensing technologies to turn Earth Observation (EO) data into products and information tailored to meet end-user needs in various domains of application. H2O Geomatics is also conducting R & D activities on machine learning algorithms to handle big EO datasets as well as the development of environmental risk assessment tools for climate-dependent sectors such as agriculture and water resources management.

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